What is a laxative?

Laxatives taken by mouth helps bowel movements and relieves constipation. Many people abuse laxatives. This practice often leads to addiction laxative to produce a bowel movement. In very severe cases, excessive use of laxatives caused some damage to the nerves, muscles and intestinal tissues.

If any of the information and suggestions in this health article 'cause particular concern or would like further information on the medicine and its use, contact your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children and never share your medicines with others.

Important information :

Laxatives should not be given to children unless they have been prescribed by your doctor. The child may have a condition that needs other treatment. If so, laxatives may not help and may even cause side effects or worsen the condition. If you are taking this medicine without a prescription, read and follow all label precautions.>/p>

We must be especially careful if you have . . .

They are allergic to any medications, prescribed or not.

Are pregnant or planning to become pregnant while taking this medication, especially ciprofloxacin, digital, etidronate , oral anticoagulants , sodium polystyrene sulfonate , or tetracycline. You are taking any medicine prescribed or not. Have other medical problems , especially appendicitis, colostomy , diabetes mellitus , heart disease , high blood pressure , ileostomy , difficulty swallowing , rectal bleeding of unknown cause . Dosage.

Each dose should be taken with a full glass or more of cold water or juice. This will provide enough liquid laxative function properly. E ' often recommended a second glass of water or fruit juice with each dose only to have the best effect and to avoid getting dehydrated. Also, you should take at least 6 to 8 glasses of fluid a day.

Laxatives containing mineral oil should not be taken within 2 hours of meals because of possible interference with the digestion and absorption of food. Laxatives containing mineral oil are generally taken at bedtime for convenience and because it can take 6-8 hours to produce results.

To store this medicine :

Keep out of reach of children. Keep away from heat and direct light. Don't store in the bathroom, near the kitchen sink, or in other damp places. The heat or humidity may affect the drug. Don't keep expired products.

Precautions :

Don't take a laxative :

If you have signs of appendicitis or bowel inflammation. For more than 1 week. 2 hours after taking other medications. If you don't have a bowel movement for a day or two. If you develop a rash. If you notice a sudden change in bowel habits that lasts longer than two weeks, consult your doctor before using a laxative. This will determine the cause of the problem before it becomes more serious. Many laxatives contain large amounts of sugars, carbohydrates and sodium. If you are on a diet low in sugar, low-calorie and low sodium, consult your doctor or pharmacist before using a laxative. Large doses of laxatives containing mineral oil can cause a loss of the rectum. Using absorbent cotton or a dose reduction may be necessary to prevent the clothes from getting dirty.

Side effects

Side effects should be reported to your doctor: dizziness or lightheartedness, irregular heartbeat, muscle cramps, weakness and tiredness. Side effects that usually do not require medical assistance. These side effects may go away during treatment, but if they continue or are bothersome, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist: cramps , diarrhea , gas, increased thirst , irritation of the skin around the rectal area. Other side effects not mentioned above may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

For many years, the idea of eating more carbohydrates to proteins has been associated with an increase in weight. Carbohydrates that have always had a bad reputation in the diets. However, this is a myth.Carbohydrates are an important part of any healthy diet. Eat regularly, does not lead to an increase in weight unless, like any other group of foods, are consumed in excess. After all, eating too much of any food and not burn calories through physical activity will lead to weight gain.

Today the majority of nutritionists and experts agree that obesity carbohydrates are good. But not just anyone in general, those with a moderate glycemic index or low, it is essential for long-term weight control and a healthy diet. Already refined carbohydrates represent a serious risk for metabolic disorders such as insulin insensitivity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which are closely associated with obesity.

The point to remember is that not all carbohydrates are bad, only foods that contain refined or processed carbohydrates should be avoided. The role of carbohydrates for weight loss is so important that it was created for a diet based on these foods: the carbohydrate diet. This diet does not discriminate the amount of carbohydrates, however, recommend good carbohydrates and foods with low glycemic index.

Carbohydrates

So you can understand a little ' more the diet of carbohydrates, let us understand a little ' more carbohydrates.

The carbohydrate or carbohydrates, organic molecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are classified as simple or complex. The classification depends on the chemical structure of the food and of speed that is digested and absorbed sugar.

Carbohydrate diet

With this diet you can lose weight about 3 kg in a single week and without starving. To succeed in this diet is essential to know what kind of foods contain carbohydrates allowed and which should be avoided.

Good carbs

Whole wheat bread

- Brown Rice
• - Oats and oatmeal
• - Fruit
• - Potatoes
• - Lentils
• - Vegetables
• - Chia
• - Whole grains in general

Bad Carbs

• - White bread
• - White rice
• - Of instant oatmeal
• - Fruit juices
• - Biscuits or crackers industrialized
• - Sweets and cakes
• - Sweets and candy

Carbohydrate Diet Menu

Breakfast

• 1: Cup skim milk
• 3: Slices of bread
• 3: Tablespoons oatmeal
• 2: Fruits Honey

Morning snack

• 2: Fruits
• 2: Tablespoons of oatmeal

Lunch

• 4: Tablespoons brown rice
• 1: Fillet of grilled chicken breast without skin chopped lettuce
• 4: Thin slices of tomato
• 2: Baked potatoes
• 1: Small carrot

Afternoon snack

Low-fat yogurt fruit

• 4: Slices whole wheat bread
• 1: Medium apple
• 1: cup of green tea

Dinner

• 1: Of cooked salmon fillet
• 2: Tablespoons brown rice
• 1: Cup steamed broccoli Salad of lettuce, cherry tomatoes and carrots
• 5: 1/2 walnuts
• 2: Tablespoons chia

Evening snack

• 1/2: cup chopped strawberries

Light yogurt

Simple carbohydrates , carbohydrates used in the diet , as well as provide energy for your body , still leave a feeling of satiety for a longer time , which results in eating less , becoming great ally for healthy weight loss.

More information

Carbohydrates are essential in a healthy diet and should be part of our daily diet. There are many diets that totally prohibit carbohydrates, such as the Dukan diet. In this type of diet you need to take special care to meet the energy needs of our body and do not suffer from weakness, especially in the practice of physical exercises , which are essential in the diets for weight loss.

Bees give us a valuable and widely used natural remedy is honey and all its healing benefits. Although commonly used as a sweetener, honey is an effective remedy that can be used for both oral and topical. Honey is also used as a natural cosmetic for various cosmetic purposes.

There are many types of honey, and each of them has different healing properties.
Of course, this only applies to the real and organic honey, not fake ones that, unfortunately, can be found for sale. Organic honey can be useful in the treatment of many diseases.

Types of honey and its benefits

1 - Lime honey

This honey is light, almost transparent, and has a very sweet taste. It relieves respiratory problems and is particularly effective in the treatment of colds and flu. It promotes perspiration, improves digestion, and relieves spasms and pain. It is useful to kidney problems, as it stimulates the excretion of toxins from the body.

Recommendation: People with heart problems should not use the operation of linden honey.

2 - Floral Honey

Floral honey is obtained from different types of flowers depending on the area. It has a sweet and aromatic flavor. Thanks to their special nutritional content, is particularly effective in improving immunity and recovery. Floral honey provides excellent results in allergic asthma and seasonal allergies.

Recommendation: Take a floral tablespoon honey every day to recover and prevent allergies.

3 - Acacia honey

The acacia honey is characterized by an extremely light color. This type of honey is widely used as a sweetener because its flavor almost anonymous the taste of beverages. It ' used to treat constipation and poor circulation. It helps in cases of insomnia, anxiety and tension, thanks to its sedative properties.

Recommendation : Drink a cup of tea and lemon balm with a tea spoon acacia honey for better sleep.

4 - Buckwheat honey

Buckwheat honey is the darkest of all types and has a spicy taste. And ' rich in minerals and antioxidants, and, therefore, it is one of the healthiest types. And ' effective in the treatment of anemia, and in cases of persistent cough.

Recommendation : to relieve cough , take a teaspoon of buckwheat honey tea before going to bed.

5 - The chestnut honey

This honey has a reddish- brown color specification. Many people do not like it for its strong flavor. I have a great antibiotic effect. E ' used for the treatment of almost all diseases and inflammations.

E ' useful in cases of ulcers , jaundice , urinary tract infections and poor circulation . In addition , it stimulates the digestion of food .

Recommendation : Take a chestnut soup spoon of honey before going to bed to relieve constipation .

6 - lavender honey

The lavender honey has an intense flavor and aroma, and can be found in both dark or light types. One of the most healing types stimulates the use of calcium and iron from food.

And ' particularly suitable for pregnant women and people struggling with calcium deficiency, problems with teeth and bones, osteoporosis, hypertension and allergies to the sun. It also stimulates digestion, clean the lungs and reduce cough.

7 - Mel Euodias

This honey is widely used in the United States. It is similar to the acacia honey, but has a particular fruity flavor and does not crystallize.
The Euodias Honey has a high nutritional value and is especially useful for people with high blood pressure.

8 - Heather honey

Heather honey is dark yellow and has a pleasant taste. And ' effective in treating rheumatism and problems with the urinary tract and kidneys. Also help in cases of respiratory disease.

Recommendation: If you are a smoker, be sure to use the benefits of the heather honey to clear mucus from the airways.

9 - Sunflower honey

Sunflower honey has a yellow color, taste and specific smell. One of the most popular types of honey, but crystallizes rapidly. It is used for problems related to the respiratory tract and is effective in the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract, lungs and kidneys. It is used as a natural remedy for all types of inflammation. Sunflower honey and also helps speed the healing of wounds.

Recommendation : It ' recommended for older people who need rest and extra energy.

10 - dandelion honey

The dandelion honey has a yellow color and intense flavor, and crystallizes rapidly. It facilitates the effects of liver disease and gastric diseases. Help in case of gastritis, colitis and constipation.

11 - Rosemary Honey

Rosemary honey is light yellow and has a strong flavor. Has beneficial effect for the treatment of vascular diseases, it improves blood circulation. It also improves liver function and bile secretion, of course. And ' effective in case of indigestion, rheumatism, and gout and high blood pressure.

12 - Rape honey

The rape honey is pale yellow in color and contains a large number of pollen of flowers. It helps cleanse the liver and regulates the levels of fatty acids in the body.

13 - The manuka honey

This type of honey is popularly known as the super - honey. Manuka honey comes from the manuka tree flowers, which only grows in New Zealand. He is considered the healthiest type of honey in the world. It has antibacterial properties, unique and powerful, which are not present in any other type . Help in the fight against the most resistant bacteria, as evidenced by numerous consumers all over the world. And ' effective in the treatment of many diseases and improves immunity.

14 - Honey Eucalyptus

The eucalyptus honey has a darker color and stronger flavor. And ' useful for coughs and other respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma. And ' rich in vitamins and is also effective in relieving colds, sinusitis and sore throat.

15 - Rosemary honey

It is very clear and its flavor is very sweet, thanks to its high concentration of fructose which makes it indicated in free sugar diets and as a natural sweetener. Several studies have shown anticancer properties of honey also help prevent diseases degenerative.

More information

Despite being a natural product rich in benefits for our health, regardless of their type, honey has some contraindications and should not be used by diabetics, because it has very simple sugar glucose increases rapidly from the blood, and children Children under 3 years of age, because there is the possibility of serious poisoning due to bacteria that are found in honey boltulino called Clostridium.

Irregular menstrual periods are known as oligomenorrhea and are very common. They are characterized by periods than 35 days without the rule. Normally, during the year they are between 11-13 times and women who have irregular cycles may have only 6 or 7 times a year. There are numerous factors that can cause this problem, such as smoking, weight gain, poor diet, excessive alcohol or caffeine. Fortunately, there are some foods that help regulate menstruation, are easy to obtain and bring great benefits to the health food.

Cinnamon

Cinnamon is useful for the control of diabetes and regular menstrual cycles that lead disorders. You can make a cinnamon tea or even eat a lemon juice with cinnamon.

Grapes

Grapes contain a lot of iron. So their use is a great way to regulate menstruation, though their irregularity was caused by anemia.

Green papaya

Green Papaya acts directly on the uterus, causing contractions and increasing the blood flow to this area, working with the normalization of irregular periods.

Carrot juice

Carrot juice has many nutrients that help regulate menstrual cycles. If you do not like drinking the juice that can do it is to include carrots in meals every day, in this way you will get the same result.

Fennel seeds

Fennel seeds help regulate hormone secretion, correcting the imbalances. To contain estrogen, balances the female reproductive system and are irregular cycles.

Parsley

Parsley is rich in vitamin A, C and K, and is very effective for treating menstrual cycles are irregular.

Sesame seeds

They contain large amounts of oil and collaborate with the production and balance of hormones. You can use the seeds in the bread, add yogurt or eat together with sweet or salty foods. There are hundreds of natural products we consume to regulate menstrual cycles that do not harm the overall health of your body, because they are highly necessary to maintain a balanced diet without refined foods.

Do you know other healthy foods that help regulate the menstrual cycle?

Time

Preparation time: 15 mines.
Baking or cooking time: 5 mines.
Preparation time: 20 mines.
A great and easy recipe for the custard pie.

Ingredients

2: Flans
1: of milk
2: Packs. Custard powder
4: Tablespoons sugar
1: Cup Sweet cream
1: Small can mandarin oranges
1: Pack. Cream Paradise

Preparation

• Boil as usual milk, custard powder and pudding sugar and let cool slightly.
• Place the first pie crust on a plate cake and fill with the pudding cooled to the upper edge.
• Place the second cake base at first and even make up to top with pudding.
• The cream, tangerine and cream haven fill a bowl. Cover and stir together until creamy mass.
• This mass will now give you the cake and distribute it evenly to the top and on the sides.

Have you ever dreamed of putting their fate into their own hands? Or have you imagined that you could earn commission on a brand or a product in a niche market, simply by placing a link on their web site or by e-mail? If you think that, you can try affiliate programs.
Affiliate programs are essentially a network of websites. It is a modern variation of the practice of paying fees to brokers to introduce new customers to a business. Today, affiliate programs are conducted primarily online, the number of people surfing the Internet is growing exponentially. It 'a system that rewards an affiliate for his efforts to drive traffic to the merchants' sites. The fee may be for different reasons, just send traffic, traffic and expect these people to make a purchase, etc. In short it comes to paying people money to help merchants to sell their products.

Let's say you've created a website dedicated to promoting computer repair services and reach potential customers. While the service is basically solving PC problems, you notice that your clients also need maintenance as antivirus concerns of their computer. In this case, affiliate marketing or affiliate programs, it involves contact with software developers who are engaged in this type of products; publish links to their websites so that you can receive a percentage of profits for every purchase performed.

This is the reason why this business model is followed by many people , it is very simple to understand and apply ; affiliate programs are really business that can be carried easily from your home ; only with a computer and an Internet connection , and start making money .

You do not need a business, you do not even need a webpage to get started in affiliate programs, you can only promote your affiliate links through the different ways there are marketing; but of course, you should have a website.

How? Build a website to promote the products that interest you, be sure to include interesting elements of products. Once you have your site ready, look for products in the same niche market you are targeting. Now comes the most important start generating traffic to your site using marketing techniques , and every visitor that makes a purchase on the website of the product owner , you can earn a good commission .

If you do not have a website, you can make money with affiliate programs to generate traffic to websites that are affiliated. Google AdWords is the largest PPC system. This type of advertising allows you to directly advertise your affiliate link in the results of Google's search engine.

The key to success in affiliate programs and other Internet business is generating traffic to your website, the more people visit your site, and the more likely you are to generate sales. One of the most recommended for marketing to your website, forms is the publication of articles in various directories; and one that is shaking to Google is advertising on social networks.

None of this is made in one night, everything has a cost and sacrifice, success does not come by chance, success comes from dedication and effort.

Learn the most profitable techniques to make money online with affiliate programs

The five Golden Tips for having a skin forever young, beautiful and bright - The make-up artists they tell us all along: there is no cosmetic or full makeup able to revive the fortunes of a careless skin.

Dryness, blemishes, discoloration and fine lines are defects die hard and, above all , are a kind of pledge that our skin is asking us to pay. You know fact that the aging of the face of a woman starts already at twenty? Yes, you read right: that load of wrinkles, dullness and dryness starts to get ready just as we think of anything but to detergents, creams and treatments. Years pass and then at the end we are introduced to the bill and ... what are salty!

To avoid finding ourselves then to squander money here and there , looking for some magic solution to rejuvenate our face , we'd better move on time and start from an early age to cultivate any good habit , of course , we will have to keep even the most aged advanced .

Gestures as exfoliate your skin, clean it with a good cleanser, then move the tonic and end with day cream or night cream is not in fact know the age limits as well as brushing your teeth or take a shower, the steps for skin care are habits to be acquired as soon as possible and do not ever give up on the path of life.

Cleaning, hydration and nutrition are essential contributions to our skin at any age: most of the problems we have in years, from adolescence to the hateful pimples ripe age crow's feet, are linked to an any error committed by us in everyday life. The wrong detergent, a non- constant cleaning, a non- exfoliated skin, the wrong cream or even ignored and here our face begins to make us pay.

Therefore that your complexion looks healthy, bright and free of imperfections? Here are the five basic steps to ensure a “forever young " face!

1: Analyze:

If you do not know what he needs our skin how can we help you? The first step is therefore to understand is we are dealing with dry skin, oily, combination or sensitive. In the latter case our face will tend to turn red and mark down easily while in the first often feel the skin pulling and, in more extreme cases, we will see the occurrence of cracking and peeling. In case of oily or combination skin instead the "diagnosis" is a bit 'more complex. Often we tend to think that any skin with pimples or blacks points is an oily skin but things are certainly not so simple: such incidents may in fact depend on hormonal imbalances, while an oily skin is identified because it aims to polish so excessive, develop a palpable veil of sebum on the surface, events and therefore more rare that justify the recommended aggressive products in such cases. A combination skin instead combines the dryness fatness: a shiny T-zone and cheeks instead tending to dry are typical of this case, and a little 'more complex to treat.

2: Clean:

Once you understand the type of skin we will also know what to buy detergent. In the market there are in fact different genders and each formulation is designed to better meet the needs of individual skin: oily skin will prefer a cleansing gel, a mixed one frothy, delicate will need milk and a shoal of something more incisive as a cream. Many believe that such a product is to be used only in the evening, to remove foundation, blush and other cosmetics, but nothing could be further from the truth. In fact the night, while we rest, the skin starts to work, regenerating and throwing it out all the impurities held during the day, which is why we often wake up in the morning with the skin a little 'oil varieties, which is why it is important to remove anything with cleanser and tonic before the face decides to reabsorb it, thereby negating the work done at night. The face thus should be cleaned morning and evening, always, even when you are granted a home idle day.

3: Exfoliate:

The top layer of skin, to understand what we can see and touch , it is called the stratum corneum and is exclusively composed of dead cells . To have a healthy and bright appearance, but, above all , to ensure that the skin can best absorb creams and treatments , making them really effective , it is important that such ria layer as thin as possible . That's why it is essential to regularly exfoliate the skin. For this we could use a scrub or even more comprehensive treatments such as microdermabrasion (of which we will discuss further on) but its essential commitment to it regularly. On the web of course you will find many DIY solutions: our advice is obviously to try them but always sporadically; for your daily care it is always better to rely on specific products for the face, designed not to be too aggressive and give you the best result possible.

4: Moisturize:

The skin is a veritable living organism and how we eat and drink. Drinking is an activity purely for her day, that's why all of us, regardless of the specific type of skin, we must use a daytime moisturizer. It will be formulated in a more or less intense depending on the specific need that we have , but do without moisturizer and simply impossible .

5: Feeding:

At night, however for the skin it is time to eat. If in fact we are drinking all we have more or less the same tastes when it comes to buffet the situation changes. And ' in fact, the night that each of us has to meet the specific needs of your skin : anti-aging treatments , deep moisturizing , for problem skin are all operations to play at night , looking about as specific the market has to offer for our need. Of course all this we can then combine masks and other treatments that we will face in the “next few episodes.”

If you are looking for a guide on how to make money with AdSense you entered in the article right, now I'll explain briefly what Adsense , how it works and how it can make you monetize.

A short guide on how to make money with Adsense

I do not want you to waste any more time , in fact I want to make quick cash , so I'll tell you in a nutshell why would you use Adsense to earn online :

Safe returns ;
Easy to use;
Reliability;

What Adsense

Google AdSense is an affiliate program created specifically for the web can make you earn money primarily through advertising banners.

It allows you to monetize by inserting ads into your site and on time each month you send the payment. It is a large international company, so top reliability.

Adsense : how it works in 5 moves

Start earning money with AdSense is easy and fast , you just need a valid postal address and a bank account . Adsense works this way :

You sign up for adsense : Google Adsense
Please enter your personal data;
Set the data to receive payment by bank transfer ;
You create an advertisement by choosing the size and colors ;
Paste the ad code on your blog .

As you see there is nothing difficult, just have all the papers in order and you can start with your project.

Advice on how to start well with AdSense

Let's go straight to the point : if you have a blog with a few day trips should you not place banner ads . Expect that your blog has at least 300 daily unique visits and publishes more content that they respect the rules of Adsense , write new and interesting articles with very low .

So, in summary :

At least 1000 daily visits ; Content rule ; interesting articles and much content.

Write interesting articles to the user's eyes is crucial , bloggers should always commit to writing helpful articles and especially not plagiarized around the web .

A long text helps search engines and affiliate programs to understand what are the topics within a page . In this way AdSense does everything to bring up the contextual ads within ads .

Practical example of a contextual advertising :

We pretend to write an article on "How to advertise a blog." We will make sure to optimize text with keywords , write an explicit title and a useful text and by which we understand perfectly the topic. AdSense will immediately understand what it's about and will reward us by entering text ads that fit the content of the article . Therefore, related ads will appear in the article subject matter .

Adsense does not understand what will happen when the main subject or when there will be an advertisement compatible content ? It will place a banner of another kind , such as a banner ad based on the user's interests .

How do you monetize

Mainly it makes you earn for each click received on a banner or a link on your site this . The cost of the clicks varies depending on the subject matter , the amount of money that the advertiser wanted to invest in his country and the quality of the article .

The winning formula would be = + click + gains , eye , however, not to receive fraudulent clicks ( autoclick , click by mistake ) are invalid and is deleted .

While earning money with Adsense is easy ( in the series " Get the code and paste it in your " pages ) , you have to be behind a strict regulation and always be updated and documented on the best techniques to increase revenue on Adsense .

To earn good money you have to create a successful website , it takes many excellent content and many visits , the rest comes by itself . To get more detail on how to make money with Adsense , you can follow my guide : AdSense Help

Are you looking for a son? Bedroom too bright at night could make it difficult conception. Or at least that's what several researchers write in a study published Aug. 20 in the online journal Cell Reports.

It would appear in fact that female fertility is linked to a good biological clock -controlled operation of circadian rhythms. If these are stoned, they could make it difficult to conceive, particularly if you are no longer young. And this rate would in fact impaired in the presence of “light interference “.

What is the circadian rhythm?

It ' a cycle that accomplishes approximately every 24 hours, with which are repeated regularly certain physiological processes. For example, the alternating phases between sleep and wakefulness. Many body processes follow this rhythm.

What to do then?

Close the shutters well before bedtime, avoid rooms too bright at night and do not use tablets and phones, as well as the bright computer screen. Try to be more regular and avoid shifts that impair sleep.

The research published by Cell Reports was conducted by Japanese and American scientists on female mice. Scholars have busted the circadian rhythms of female rodents and found that their chances of getting pregnant had fallen by much. An effect that in particular concerned the middle-aged rodents and anyway reversible, eliminating factors that disturb the circadian rhythms (for example, irregular and too lit environments meals) .

The study covers the rodents, but “preserve the biological clock precision - set to the sunlight and not on artificial - can be a key element for the fertility of women," assures Gene Block, University of California. “In modern society, the female population is exposed to too many environmental interference that may play a role in the conception difficulties " . A problem that affects a pair of seven and often cannot find a reason.

Darren Griffin, University of Kent and sleep specialist, says research at Daily mail: “The rats are certain men , and women a proper alternating light-dark experience can only possibly face a problem . " But despite this we must not underestimate the message that fertility is linked to the "state of general well-being. And this should not be underestimated. "

Interpretation of how a week is disrupted by light and dark, the estrous cycle of a female middle-aged mice | Takasu et al./Cell Reports 2015.

Pregnant women should not eat for two, because the caloric needs only increases by about 200 kcal more per day. It is true that it is necessary to ensure the intake of certain nutrients, which are essential for proper growth of the fetus.

Want to know what those nutrients are and what foods to find them? Read the advice of Dr. Diana Scatozza , Medical Specialist in Food Science at - dietetic diet therapy in Milan address.

" A proper diet during the nine months should have the objective of making us to increase approximately 11-12 kg until the end of pregnancy," Dr. Scatozza pressed. " To achieve this objective guidelines , both European and American , suggest to increase your daily calorie intake by about 200 Kcal , but only in the second and third quarters , when verifying the weight growth of the baby. In the first quarter, in fact, the fetus consumes fewer calories because you are forming the cells, so it is not necessary that the expectant mother begins to ' eat for two ' , as is often mistakenly do . From the first quarter, however, it is important to a change of quality power type, which must guarantee the right amount of certain important nutrients. "

It happens: many pregnant women in early pregnancy slim. Because of nausea and vomiting, which certainly does not put like eating? In general, however, there is no worry, because in the first weeks caloric requirements remain more or less the same, and begins to increase only starting at 10-12 weeks.

Although in early eat little or lose about not worry: your baby will stay anyway.

Among other things, it is to dispel the myth that pregnant should eat for two. “Actually supplementary energy requirements is not very high," explains Angela Spadafranca , biologist nutritionist in charge of NutriMamma dell'ICANS team of Milan . " An average of 150-180 kcal intake more per day - the equivalent of a pack of crackers or a cup of milk - enough to meet the new requirements . "

That said, those who are already very lean in early pregnancy, and, moreover, continues to lose weight, would do well to consult your gynecologist to make sure you are still taking sufficient amounts of necessary nutrients. The doctor should be heard even if nausea and vomiting are so intense that it becomes debilitating, that is if you get all'iperemesi gravidarum .

Because stretch marks appear

after the spots, stretch marks are another ' beast ' of pregnancy blemishes. Also because, as for chloasma , there are the ' predestined ' , which in this case are those which genetically have less elastic tissue . Yeah, because stretch marks are just an inflammation of the elastic tissue present in the dermis, which then heals with a scar that at first appears as red streaks, then it turns white, leaving a stable and irreversible damage.

When stretch marks appear ?

In moments of greater traction of the elastic tissue , and that is when you will gain weight quickly , when it grows in a short time ( there are also children with stretch marks ! ) And naturally in pregnancy . " While waiting to skin tension are added hormonal changes , which have a direct effect on the formation of stretch marks , as well as lead to an excessive release of substances , such as relaxin , which alter the tone of the skin elastic tissue " noted Angelo Marzano , Medical Director at the dermatology Clinic of the University of Milan . " The fact that he had seen appear stretch marks during puberty constitutes an ' ' important wake-up call , which suggests that pregnant you are most at risk ."

How to prevent stretch marks

In addition to hope that he had been blessed with 'good' genes, you should avoid accumulating more pounds than you need, follow a good diet (even if there are no 'food stretch marks'), to banish a sedentary lifestyle. And then there are the creams. Miracles do not make it, mind you, but keep the skin supple and hydrated skin a little help would definitely gives. There is no need to borrow to buy expensive cosmetics; the important thing is a good stretch mark cream with moisturizing active ingredients, such as vitamin E, and firming, as boswellic acid. Even better, you can apply a moisturizing fluid in the morning, which absorbs quickly and leaves no oily skin, stretch marks and in the evening the specialty, which generally has a thicker consistency. Because the cream to be effective, we must not wait until the damage is done: as soon as you find out you're pregnant, you have to start to hydrate and nourish the skin with patience, that is more resistant when there will be an increase in the volume of certain areas of the body.

Almond oil ? Better not

Instead we dispel the ' myth ' of sweet almond oil : " In addition to being able to give , in susceptible individuals , contact allergic reactions , like any herbal product , the oil clogs the skin pores and can cause inflammation of the mouth of the glands pilo - sebaceous , causing folliculitis " says Marzano .

What to do if your stretch marks come

If the damage is already done , stretch marks can be mitigated with some aesthetic medicine treatments . Certain treatments can be effective if action of striae newly formed, still red - violet color, while it is much more difficult to hide the pearly white - colored stretch marks , which indicate an already damaged tissue . “In any case it is good to know that the results are not 100% sure , and you are likely to also support substantial costs for small benefits ," concluded the dermatologist. Here are the main treatments, which can be executed from the aesthetic doctor or dermatologist.

The laser resurfacing . It is the treatment of choice of post acneic scars and is also used for scars stretch marks , even if the results are not as obvious , especially if it acts on the old training stretch marks , also a method is not free from risks that , used bad, it can cause the appearance of lighter or darker patches or even scarring higher all'inestetismo to correct.

Chemical peels . Produce an abrasion on the skin surface, which reactivates cellular metabolism of the areas where there are stretch marks. You may use various acids, that the doctor chooses depending on the type of skin and stretch mark.

Carboxytherapy . It involves injecting subcutaneously medical Carbon dioxide, which improves tissue oxygenation and increases cell turnover.

Enough those colorful dashes of positive pregnancy test in order to feel and imagine already mom with a little baby in her arms. But it still takes nine months and of things to do there are many . Here are 10 to do right away .

1. Choose the gynecologist

It may be the gynecologist always or hospital where you will give birth to a gynecologist or an obstetrician - gynecological surgery, in the hospital or clinic: the important thing is to identify a person or a center that will give us confidence, for they will be our points of reference throughout the nine months. READ ALSO: PREGNANCY, FIRST VISIT FROM GINECOLOGO If the pregnancy, for some reason, could be at risk now choosing a gynecologist and a second-level center.

2. Take folic acid

Take folic acid if you do not already assumed before. “The integration of folic acid is recommended for 3 months (or at least 1 month) before pregnancy and throughout the first quarter and it is important for the prevention of congenital anomalies, particularly those concerning the neural tube such as spina bifida," says Anna Franca Knight, a gynecologist at the Gemelli Hospital in Rome. “The standard dose is 400 micrograms (0.4 mg) per day , unless there are no specific , such as epilepsy or type I diabetes diseases , which require a dose about 10 times higher " . READ ALSO: Folic Acid, WHY ' AND ' IMPORTANT

3. Check your medications

If you are taking medications for chronic diseases, you must consult immediately with its reference specialist : he will decide whether to continue , modify or discontinue therapy . Just as it is good to seek advice from a gynecologist before taking any medication, even over the counter. " It ' must also suspend the possible application of retinoid-based creams (usually prescribed to treat acne ) : even if it's local therapies , retinoic acid can cause fetal abnormalities ," says gynecologist Knight . READ ALSO: DRUGS IN PREGNANCY.

4. Eliminate smoking and alcohol

It should also immediately change certain lifestyle behaviors, first quit smoking (number of risks, from abortion to premature birth to low birth weight) and eliminate alcohol, which easily crosses the placenta and passes to the fetus: " please note that there is no proven safe dose of alcohol during pregnancy, so as a precaution it is advisable to avoid it altogether," said the gynecologist. READ ALSO: STOP SMOKING IN PREGNANCY.

5. Adopt anti - toxoplasmosis precautions

If you do not know the status of immunity to certain infections such as toxoplasmosis , you need to take immediately the necessary precautions, such as only eating cooked meat , wash raw vegetables and avoid contact with the feces of animals , especially cats . Waiting to do as soon as the toxo - test to know if you have already contracted the disease in the past. READ ALSO: TOXOPLASMOSIS IN PREGNANCY

6. Avoid intense sport

Avoid intense sport or at risk trauma, such as skiing, horseback riding, fitboxe , jogging and all motorsport activities . Agree with the gynecologist activity in line with your medical conditions and compatible with the pregnancy: the sport is very good for all nine months. READ ALSO: SPORT IN PREGNANCY

7. No sauna

No sauna because it increases the body temperature and sweating, resulting in transient hyperthermia and by lowering blood pressure.

8. Drink lots of water

During pregnancy increases physiologically the body water amounts up to 7:00 to 8:00 liters more than usual , so it is normal that a pregnant woman needs a higher fluid intake . In addition, make sure the right amount of water is used to maintain the optimum plasma volume in the blood vessels, preventing blood pressure to drop . READ ALSO: PREGNANCY, WHICH DRINKING WATER

9. Protect your skin from the sun

In summer , in addition to not expose themselves to the sun during the hottest hours , you should always apply a high sun protection , especially on the face , where , for hormonal reasons , may appear dark spots (called chloasma gravidarum ) . READ ALSO: PREGNANCY IN THE SUN WITHOUT PROBLEMS

10. Do not make vaccines without the advice of the gynecologist

Except for the flu vaccine (recommended by experts from the second quarter), the vaccines should be generally avoided during pregnancy. “For this, we must refrain from trips to areas considered at risk, which would require a vaccination against certain diseases," he concludes the gynecologist. READ ALSO: VACCINATIONS IN PREGNANCY.

First days of spring, the first beautiful days: the sun is shining, it is hotter and rightly children love to play outdoors. For some, though, it can be a problem. Fault of pollen, which in the spring begin to “crowd” the air, and in susceptible individuals can cause an annoying allergic rhinitis. In America suffer 18 million people, one million and 200 thousand are children. Let us see what it is, how it manifests itself and especially how it can be cured. With the contribution of Renato Cutrera , responsible for bronchopneumology Paediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù in Rome .

To begin with , what are the pollen ?

Pollens are tiny grains that allow plants to reproduce. During the pollination period - which in Italy is generally between March and July - they are transported by wind, insects and water. For this, in the spring and summer they are present in high concentrations, especially on hot days, sunny and windy. In susceptible individuals, pollens cause the occurrence of allergic reactions. I.e. they are potent allergens. Are especially tiny pollens, tend invisible, to cause this reaction.
Among the plants responsible to issue allergenic pollen we include the cypress, olive, mimosa, Parietaria , ragweed , grasses. But even the birch trees, the stones, the beaches and oaks.

What are the symptoms of allergy to pollen?

Are symptoms of the respiratory type, in some ways similar to those of a cold: itchy nose, sneezing, runny nose (with secretions typically more liquid than those of viral colds), swollen eyes watery, coughing. It can also be itchy eyes and conjunctivitis, which causes difficulty in watching the light. In these cases it refers expressly to allergic rhinitis. In more severe cases, finally, you can get to bronchial asthma.
Since not all plants emit pollen at the same time, the time of year when they start to manifest the symptoms depends on the type of pollen to which you are allergic: for someone can be the beginning of spring, for others a little 'more forward.
According to some surveys, seasonal allergies are associated with a reduction in the school performance of children and young people who, in the critical period, tend to sleep badly and have difficulty concentrating, with relative difficulty following the lessons and doing homework.

There may be other causes for allergic rhinitis, in addition to pollen?

Yes, other allergens that can trigger this type of reaction are the spores of certain fungi, also a seasonal rhinitis usually responsible in summer, the fur of pets and dust mites. In the latter cases rhinitis can last for the whole year.

How do the diagnosis of pollen allergy ?

If you suspect an allergy, it is advisable to visit the child, on the advice of the pediatrician, dall'allergologo . Assessed through simple skin tests, skin prick test , where in practice the various allergens are put into contact with the baby's skin , and then assess possible reactions . Only in special cases it makes a blood test to check for antibodies to specific allergens.

How is it treated?

There were various roads

1. Avoid the allergen as possible

In the case of allergies to dust mites or to the fur of domestic animals, this is relatively simple. If the issue is an allergic rhinitis by pollen, the situation is more complicated: it is virtually impossible to completely avoid pollen, they circulate freely in the air. It may, however, avoid the most critical situations - for example a trip to the countryside on a sunny and windy day - and make some changes to reduce the exposure, how to keep the car windows closed.

2. Drug therapy

To alleviate the hassles, the drugs that work best are the cortisone nasal spray. Their use, however, must be limited to what is strictly necessary, since the cortisone may give side effects. A good alternative are antihistamines by mouth, to be used for the whole period of symptomatic manifestation. Both types of drugs should only be taken on the recommendation of the allergy specialist.

3. Specific immunotherapy

If symptoms are particularly troublesome, the third solution is to make a specific immunotherapy, in practice a kind of vaccine that plans to put the child in contact with increasing concentrations of the allergen, to accustom your body to tolerate it. With time, continuous exposure to the allergen reduces the production of antibodies responsible for allergic reactions.
The vaccine can be administered sublingually, or by subcutaneous injection. The therapy, however, is quite long (at least three years), and with varying dosages depending on time of year and the type of allergy, so it is a 'difficult' decision that the parents must agree closely with the specialist and pediatrician physician. Other sources for this article: Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital informational materials; information materials of the English Health Service; advisory from the American Myo Clinic.

The scientific journal Lancet proposes a special issue dedicated to breastfeeding. To take stock of the many benefits it offers, both to the child and to the mother. And to ask governments and health authorities commitment to support it effectively.

If worldwide breastfeeding was more prevalent , though almost all allattassero mothers - now do less than 4 out of 10 - every year conteremmo 820,000 fewer deaths among children under five and 20 thousand less among women and we would be in general a little ' richer, because the mother's milk would save, globally, 300 billion dollars a year.

They are astonishing figures those proposed by the journal Lancet, one of the most prestigious medical journals, which in late January has published a special issue dedicated just to breastfeeding. With the specific goal of returning to shed light on the many benefits it offers and to invite governments to support it so convinced. Because it is the health of mothers and children,without neglecting the positive implications for the economy and environment.

Because it is good for children

That the face of mother's milk good for the health of children is not new. Several benefits have long been known, but the Lancet has the merit of making a point very exhaustive on the subject, combining the results of a wide range of studies. And by clearly two categories of benefits: short and long term. To the point that Sue Desmond - Hellmann, executive director of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, has not hesitated to call breastfeeding a real “Personalized medicine“.
”Short-term benefits” Concern in particular the protection against infectious diseases, especially gastrointestinal such as diarrhea, and respiratory. A series of surveys conducted in high-income countries has also shown an association between breastfeeding and reduced risk of cot death, sudden infant death. And yet, other studies suggest a protective effect, at least in the first two years of life, against otitis .
”Long-term benefits” Studies reported by Lancet indicate a reduced risk of developing obesity and diabetes. Not only children who are breastfed show, average, an intelligence quotient (IQ) a bit ' higher than those who were fed otherwise.
Let's quickly clear: it does not mean that breastfeeding your baby, it will turn into a genius. Or, conversely, that using infant formula will compromise necessarily the cognitive development of the child. We are talking about small differences, coated on the general population. And it is precisely at the level of the general population that the result is important: if all children were breastfed, it would raise the average IQ, and this would mean having fewer children below critical thresholds, the limit with mental retardation.

Which, in turn, would result in major economic benefits. Lancet, in fact, estimated that globally, the small increase in IQ associated to breastfeeding would result in a savings of $ 300 billion a year.

Because it is good for mothers

The benefits of breastfeeding, in particular that prolonged, there are also for the mothers , especially as regards the protection against breast cancer . It is estimated that for each year of breastfeeding, a woman has a 6% lower risk of getting this cancer. And many data also suggest a lower risk of suffering from ovarian cancer and diabetes.
Finally - and this is an important aspect , especially for developing countries - breastfeeding helps to space out pregnancies , working for a time as a kind of natural contraceptive ( but beware : if you want to avoid a pregnancy does best rely only on this method ) .

Because it is good for the environment

Mothers, babies and not only the mother's milk are also good for the environment. Environmental costs, in fact, are virtually zero, while the formula needs water, energy and other materials to be produced, packaged and transported.
”An untapped resource” Although there are so many benefits at stake, breastfeeding is in fact rarely practiced. A little ' more in low-income countries, a little' less in the medium and high income. Overall, estimates say that breastfeeding for at least six months so exclusive only 35.7 % of women. It figures that the World Health Organization would like to bring to 50 % by 2025.

There are many reasons why women do not breastfeed or stop early to do so. In particular:

”Lack of job security” In many countries there are no maternity leave or , when present , are very short . If a woman has less than six weeks of paid maternity leave , the chances are very high that not breast-feed .
”Lack of information of health personnel” which often it is not able to assist properly the delicate moment of initiating, and to support the mother in this way.
”Lack of support from the network of family and friends” Who often are the first to criticize women who breastfeed, especially if they do it for prolonged periods
”Aggressive marketing exercised by dairy farms in the formula” Who have become a big business and growing: the estimate is that will exceed $ 70 billion by 2019.

It needs more commitment from governments and health authorities

For all these reasons, the Lancet working group calls for the commitment of governments and international health authorities to give concrete support to women. Also because, as pointed out by Nigel Rollins, the World Health Organization, “the success or failure of breastfeeding cannot be seen as an exclusive responsibility of women. The ability to breastfeed depends very much on the support it receives from the environment and in which he lives. “It is to offer to all the opportunity to do so peacefully.

What to eat, what medic actions to avoid, what tests to do, how to prevent infection. These and other questions are answered by the ' Decalogue for a peaceful maternity ‘, the American Association for the study of malformations.

1 - INFORMS THE GYNECOLOGIST RISK OF DISEASE CONGENITAL

The risk that a child can be born with a congenital disease depends on various causes, and it is good to know when you can, even before pregnancy begins. It is therefore important that future parents should inform your doctor in detail about the presence in their story of the couple and in that of their families of origin, diseases and birth defects, chronic diseases, miscarriages. In the case of chromosomal disorders, such as Down syndrome, the main risk factor is the age of the mother, particularly after the age of 35, beyond which are recommended more thorough examinations of prenatal diagnosis.

2 - MAKE THE BLOOD TESTS TO DETERMINE THE RISK OF INFECTION

Infections, especially if contracted for the first time, still represent a danger to the baby that is growing in the womb. Therefore it is appropriate for the pregnant, early pregnancy, check the presence or absence of antibodies with appropriate blood tests against various infectious diseases, such as toxoplasmosis, rubella, and cytomegalovirus. If it is at risk of infection, the expectant mother will have to take certain precautions, or get vaccinated, while the transmission of the disease to the fetus can be avoided, if necessary, with a cesarean delivery.

3 - HEALTHY EATING AND SMALL FREQUENT MEALS

Eat properly while expecting a baby is especially important for his future health. The diet during pregnancy should be varied and balanced, with smaller, more frequent meals instead of the normal three. The weight increment varies depending on the BMI, or body mass index, prior to gestation. Calculate your BMI online (you have to enter your weight before pregnancy) and then with the table below occur if the increase during gestation weights is in line with the medical indications.

4 - STOP TO CIGARETTES, ALCOHOL AND DRUGS

In the nine months of waiting is a must stop smoking, do not drink alcohol (it is allowed a maximum of one glass of wine per meal) and not doing drugs. In fact all habits that harm the fetus in various ways. X-rays should be avoided so as not to create unnecessary fears, even if the level of radiation emitted by the current equipment is very low, and the risks are negligible for the small.

5 - DO NOT TAKE YOUR MEDICINE OF INITIATIVE

During pregnancy is forbidden to take medicines on their own initiative: any medication, even those most commonly used, should be taken only on specific indication and under medical supervision . Women who take drugs for chronic problems should consult their doctor beforehand when they want to have a child. No problem for dental treatment and related local anesthetics.

6 - ADVISED ON TEST OF NON-INVASIVE PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS

To identify individually the risk that the fetus is affected by a chromosomal abnormality exist ultrasound and blood tests absolutely harmless non -invasive to the unborn child. According to their results, the pregnant woman can decide freely whether or not to perform other more invasive tests, such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis.

7 - CURRENCY THE POSSIBILITY ' OF MAKING OR CVS AMNIOCENTESIS

If the expectant mother wants to be sure that your child is not suffering from chromosomal disorders It has the possibility to carry out two more detailed examinations, but more invasive, prenatal diagnosis, to collect cells, which it then analyze the chromosomes. Both of these tests, namely the chorionic villus sampling and l ' amniocentesis, involve the penetration of a thin needle into the uterus, with consequent risk of abortion, albeit minimal (between 0.5 and 1 % of cases). However, it is always advisable to inquire beforehand, to select health facilities and qualified professionals who have extensive experience with regard to these procedures.

8 - DO NOT JUMP ULTRASOUND MORPHOLOGIC (19-23 WEEK)

All pregnant women should perform morphological ultrasound in the second trimester of pregnancy, between the 19th and 23rd week, in order to verify the normality of the organs of the fetus. This ultrasound is able to identify more than 50% of their congenital abnormalities, provided that it is carried out by experienced operators with appropriate tools. With this survey will also monitor the progress of the growth of the unborn child and the amount of amniotic fluid.

9 - BE AWARE THAT THE FETUS MAY ' STILL BE TREATED IN WOMB OR JUST AFTER THE BIRTH

There are a growing number of deformities that can be cured already effectively before birth or soon after, allowing the child a normal life. These results are the fruit of teamwork between different specialist medical figures, normally used in the best medical facilities.

10 - MAKE SURE THE BABY ' HAS MADE THE FIRST SCREENING

Immediately after birth, the Doctors remove some drops of blood from the baby to research the possible presence of some diseases of the metabolism, and precisely the phenylketonuria , cystic lafibrosi el'ipotiroidismo congenital This early control allows you to immediately intervene with the most appropriate treatment , avoiding the serious damage that these diseases cannot be diagnosed during pregnancy may cause the baby. Today you can also make early detection of two other conditions: congenital hip dislocation congenital bilateral eipoacusia (deafness)